Wednesday, December 29, 2010

Moro de Habicuelas Negras

From Izayaa's Kitchen:

The origin of the word Moro originates in Spain. The Moorish “conquest” of Spain and other parts of Europe, brought with it an inevitable genetic takeover of the dominant Black people. Due to the dual reality that developed in Spain the custom of referring to the rice and beans as "moros y cristianos," referring to the "Moors" who were a civilized people from Africa that brought many amazing inventions, like libraries, universities, string music to Europe, and the Christians, who were the white Catholics descendants of the Caucasians, became common. Simply referring to the dish as “Moro” denotes that this dish was distinctly Moorish and was learned by the Spaniards. This Moorish dish is a very common recipe in the Caribbean & Latin America and it varies in form, depending on the process of cooking and the ingredients used. In Cuba this dish is called "Congri" with pieces of pork added to the mixture. In Central America the dish is known as "gallo pinto," and in the Dominican Republic (Quisqueya) is simply known as "Moro." It is the Dominican version of this dish that I will share with you.  You can make this recipe however you want, with any kinds of legumes. Legumes meaning any dried fruit produced in a carpel that opens along its sides. Different types of legumes include lentils, beans, peas, carob, and soy. This particular recipe will be presented made uniquely vegan, void of any meat or dairy ingredients, commonly associated with diseases like diabetes, asthma, high blood pressure, cholesterol, and even cancer.

Ingredients
  • 1 can of Organic Black Beans or 2 cups of boiled bag beans
  • 2 cups of Brown Jasmine Rice 
  • 1/4 tsp of annatto seeds
  • 1/3 diced green Italian pepper
  • 1/3 diced red onion
  • 2 garlic ears, mashed into a juicy mixture
  • 2 tablespoons of Adobo, Organic brand or your own mixture of Tumeric powder, Garlic powder, Salt
  • 1 pinch of Oregano
  • 1 pinch of black pepper
  • 1 pinch of apple cider vinegar
  • 1 teaspoon of tomato paste
  • 1 teaspoon of Soy Sauce (Tamari)
  • 1 bunch of cilantro
  • 2 tablespoons of cold-pressed Canola, Sunflower, or Safflower Oil
Preparation
  1. In a pot, place two tablespoons of Canola Oil, turn up fire and let oil heat.
  2. Once oil has heated, place the annatto seeds and allow to simmer until it releases its color and fragrance.  Remove quickly as oil can quickly become bitter. 
  3.  Place the diced onion, italian green pepper, and garlic into oil. Let heat for 1 minute, until garlic is a bit brown.
  4. Add Adobo, Oregano, black pepper, and the soy sace. Let these ingredients mix well with the rest.
  5. Add the cup of Black beans, lower the fire, close the pot, and let all ingredients mix for about 3 minutes.
  6. Open the pot and add 3 cups of Water, the tomato paste and vinegar. Mix well and close pot.  Let the water simmer.
  7. Once bubbling occurs, add rice. Mix all ingredients.  Make sure that the tomato paste dissolves.
  8. Close pot until water simmers. 
  9. Turn the fire low, add the cilantro on top of mixture, close the pot, and cook the rice and beans for about 45 minutes. 
  10. Open the pot, move the rice over, and close again.  Let the low fire cook the rice and beans for an additional 10 minutes.
  11. Serve the moro with anything you want.
  12. Don’t forget to enjoy your meal. Peace!

Thursday, December 9, 2010

Secondary Education in Quisqueya Part 1

Dominican education, specifically referring to the high school sector, has undergone an evolutionary change through the transcendence of many years by those in charge of making education reform. The decisions made by curriculum specialists in high school education are greatly influenced by the demands made; within the time education reform takes place, to achieve the satisfaction of the people and their needs. There are many different ways in which Dominican education at the high school level has been defined, but throughout the years the definition of this sector in education has solidified. In terms of the region that is known as Latin America and the Caribbean, which is part of the geographical area that the Dominican Republic is a part of, in 2001 this region affirmed that education has to be more than the teaching of specific subjects to adolescents. As they thought, education geared towards youth should be a preparation to the work/job they will embark in their lives and for their participation as citizens in their respective town/city within their nation. The concept of everyone receiving an equal education is very important because it gives great value to the public school system, which is the organism that promotes the philosophy. This way of looking at education promotes the passion to change the structure of the educational system with the goal of bettering it for the youth. For this reason,

“The option to incite new and flexible forms of learning will serve as an answer to the adolescents and young people living in poverty and marginalized communities, who tend to abandon formal education because they have not attained access to good quality education” (1).

Defining Secondary Education 
Education personnel have been aiming towards a new form of pedagogy. In search of this new identity, the question “what is Dominican education?” has to be is defined. Other questions such as, “what is the basis of Dominican education?,” “What’s its purpose and how will it educate and prepare the youth?” These questions could be answered once a concrete understanding of education's meaning and practice has been attained. Furthermore, once educators are able to distinctly provide pedagogical practices and aims for each level of education, one has a wider perspective of the overall workings of the education sector within the island.

In keeping with the later proposition, current basic education provides the tools to youth so that in high school they are able to understand and analyze topics or problems that are of a higher thinking order. Throughout the four years of high school, focus is shifted to learning how to build, do, and live. These coincide with the teachings of the Nation of God and Earth, particularly within the 12 Jewels of Islam, truly summative words that provides us with simple words that express how to think, how to live, and the elements that we must master so that they refine this way of Truth both outside and inside the devil's civilization. The first three jewels (1.Knowledge, 2.Wisdom, 3. Understanding) gives one the tools of how to gain and contextualize ideas, the other three jewels (4. Freedom or Culture, 5. Justice, 6. Equality), express how what is understood by the individual is applied in one's life, which is the culture that we live.  Through the liberation of our mind, attaining the understanding of who and where we are, the principles of freedom, justice, and equality are attained to further a culture in its most supreme form. A freedom that is guided by ridding ourselves of the manifestation of devilishment within and outside of us while adapting a set of ethical codes that are only relevant to God and Earth, so that one is able to move the culture rightly and exactly. It is then that an Equality can be reached again in terms of living within the Earth, using all of the useful land, where we have access and can roam freely without the perils of the once unequal capitalist oppression, while each universe's (black family) shares their "variation" and level of seeing and living the culture. With Justice being naturally served, original civilizations must take shape once again by incorporating the fundamentals, which are 7.Food, 8. Clothing, 9. Shelter. This reality is one that can only be deepened by an endless propellment of 10.Love, 11.Peace, and 12. Happiness. These are the jewels of a true offering in rebuilding ourselves after the death of illusion and devilishment. And even if the illusion has not yet seized after its expiration date, this process of life after the devil, can be applied within the spaces of heaven we make within this Babylonian reality. After emancipation, it was Booker T. Washington who took it upon himself to hustle one of the most successful industrial schools in the United States. With the purpose of serving true justice to his people he freed former slaves from physical and mental bondage. They would no longer depend on "massa," if they could build their own food, clothing, and shelter. Thus, making a space of love, peace, and happiness as best as they could in the devil dominated nation.

In the Dominican case, however, but very much like the African-American case, the reality of attaining self-sustainability is within the confines of the devil's conditioning and imperialist modifications within the island.  They need to make sure that at least every Dominican can do for self when left even in the worst impoverished conditions. This means that the intensity and effectiveness of Dominican education is really a result of Capitalism, Imperialism, and Globalization. Using this framework, High school requires students to use their intelligence, what they've learned, and  how to apply it to their subjects, their lives and within the society at large. Although Dominican education is in a process of reform and change, it has always maintained the purpose of keeping students in educational environments where they are prepared for: higher education, to work/get a job, and for a productive and responsible citizenship (2). Based on this ideology of education, one can say that high school education is:

“Every formal and informal educational offer essentially oriented towards adolescents and youth, that aims at consolidating and amplifying the four pillars of education throughout life, and that according to the normative actual process, it initiates once the person has accumulated at least eight years of basic schooling” (3).

Every Dominican is capable of acquiring a superior education, work productively, and be a citizen adaptable to changes within a society that is in constant evolution. It is particularly a good trait to have had more than eight years of schooling. As a matter of fact, it is encouraged that kids be schooled from the time they are 3 years old. The earlier instruction takes place, the easier it is to mold the characteristics that will allow a person to thrive in Dominican society. This is achieved both through formal and informal educational methods. This means that the person must partly go through educational experiences that are ascribed to a pedagogical institution as well as through experienced knowledge. Once finished with high school, students are able to matriculate in universities and colleges to specialize in a field. It is very common to go into one specialty upon entering college. Once students have passed all required exams and other forms of assessments, they can start looking for employment in their fields. This specialization could not have been achieved without going through eight years of basic schooling.

Basic schooling is the period before high school. Elementary education prepares the individual to learn the main components that will allow them to flourish in more complex educational environments. During elementary school students are gaining the tools and preparation to advance intellectually. This is a time where teachers focus heavily on the teaching of skills, through a very demanding, but efficient educational practice. For example, in order for a student to write a sentence they first need to understand the different parts of the sentence, such as the noun, verb, and the adverb. In the future, this will help the student to express intricate ideas to the point where they attain the capacity of writing books. Therefore, teachers will have students dissect sentences to the point where a student can become experts at manipulating the language, and become superb writers. At the high school level, students are then ready for the more difficult language activities, which might include an analytical paper. This is where the students own thoughts can start to be manifested.

The Structure of the High School Educational System
Within the high school education system of the island, there are existing organisms with different responsibilities. All these components, working together, assemble the educational structure and depend on one another to carry out the pedagogical processes. The outline is as follows:




Administrative Organisms
The varying educational bodies can be divided into two sectors that interconnect to make education a reality. These are the administrative organisms, in charge of processing and managing partnerships with the government, containing general information on jobs, pedagogical tools, and schools. Under the administrative organisms are the institutions that deal with carrying out the educational operations. These organisms are responsible for the way the school runs, the culture of the school, the teaching, and all the other facets that surround the everyday life in the schools. Within the administration, The Board of Education is the overarching educational institution in the country. New legislation, modifications and changes to the educational structure are formed as well as distributed by this institution. All the varying levels and departments are under the board. The office of liberal arts and arts education oversees all issues relating to the public high schools (not polytechnic institutes) within the country. One of the main responsibilities of this organism is to develop and implement the curriculum for the educational programs in the liberal arts and the specific forms of art (4). This track of education requires that students continue their academic occupation at an institution of higher learning (university or college) where they can study a career of choice. The Office of General High School Education also supervises the Office of Technical/Professional education, whose main purpose is to increase and accommodate those centers dedicated to technical preparation. The study of commerce, seamstress, mechanics, electronics, and other technical specialties are offered to students who want industrial jobs and a university/college education is not mandatory. However, there are those students who do go on to college with the goal of furthering their specialization or to attain a Bachelor’s in addition to their technical studies.

Operative Organisms
The regional educational office is in charge of overseeing the functions of the different school districts. Every regional office monitors the activities carried out by the district offices in the area of that regional educational office. There are about seventeen regional offices in the country (5). District offices are grouped depending on their region. If they are in the same town, then the same regional office oversees them. Anything that has to do with the school system, such as the infrastructure, hygiene, the curriculum, and other related topics, are taken care of by the regional office. The types of schools that the districts manage are both private and public with students gaining a general education. The district offices also manage the polytechnic institutes that are under the same region.

Polytechnic Institutes
The establishment of polytechnic institutes has a specific history. The growth of these institutes is strongly tied to the rapid industrialization within the country due to the influences of external forces (U.S.A), and the need for the country to catch up to the first world.  Generally, Dominicans who want to continue their education beyond high school attend an institution of higher learning and go directly into studying that specific profession. Polytechnic institutes formed with the purpose of attaining a specialized instruction in a technical/professional field.  The level of depth covered in the study of a technical career varies depending on what position one wants to attain in the working world. For example, an introductory computer course prepares a person to become familiar with the computer system.While a computer engineer has become specialized in all aspects of the computer.Not only is the engineer aware of how programs are installed and how they function, but they can also put an entire computer together. Computer courses have a limit on how much a person learns about the machine. There are about 187 technical centers where people in the island can receive technical instruction (5). One hundred and thirty of those centers offer more than one technical specialty. Similarly to high school, the polytechnic could be private or public.

The rapid formation of polytechnic institutes in the Dominican Republic did not come about until the 70s, a time where there was a drastic growth in the industrial sector.It wasn’t until this time that new machinery (far more technologically advanced) were brought into the country’s industrial sector. The growth in this sector brought in a high demand for manual labor. This means that more people were needed to work under the new system of productivity. However, the industrial growth of the country demanded that qualified people, in technical and vocational fields be permitted to work in the industrial sector.

By 1980, a law called “Ley 116”(6) was created by the Technical-Professional National Institute (INFOTEP)(7)precisely to meet the selection criteria of the industrial sector for those seeking employment. This institution made it possible for youth and adults to obtain a practical education if they wanted to pursue this field of work. A year after its construction, this polytechnic institute served many Dominicans through its course offerings and other educational activities. From the time of INFOTEP’s opening until recently, the institute has served more than one million people (8).This entity continues to serve Dominicans on a daily basis to prepare those that want to get technical/vocational education.


----------------------------------------------------------
(1)Amargos, Oscar (Coordinador). “Panorama de la Educación Secundaria en República Dominicana 2003.” Secretaria de Estado de Educación: Santo Domingo, 2003. pg. 4
(2)Ibid, 5.
(3)Ibid, 7.
(4) Liberal arts refers to a general course of study, without a focus on any subject in particular.  A student studying Liberal art engages in coursework which includes a specific art (paint, dance, singing), sociology, history, physics, chemistry.  It is not a curriculum based on specializing people in any trade or study.
(5) Ibid, 8.
(6) Ibid, 9. 
(7)“Ley 116” makes it legal and initiates the process of the first politechnic institute in the country.
(8) Ibid, 11.
(9)Ibid.

Wednesday, September 8, 2010

Applying the Science of 3/4ths

Self-expression and identity are a combination of various factors, those of which include cultural context and economic status(1). The 85%, “…the uncivilized people…slaves of a mental death and power…those who are easily led in the wrong direction but hard to lead in the right direction” choose their dressing style based on what the capitalist consumer society markets as its current trends (through a number of Media outlets, which include TV and advertising) with a pricing system dictated by the quality of the clothing material, also determined by the value system of that particular society, whether it was made outside or within the United States and the access to the designer, his/her clothing store via social economic status.

In today’s world we’ve seen a decline in Folkloric and traditional clothing styles from original peoples. Although there are preservationist movements as well as the older generations inability to seize using these clothing items, these fashions are far from popular. There are some mainstream designers, whom have morphed traditional styles into modern European ones for their clothing lines. Men's alignment with the struggles against white man’s hatred for his woman has resulted in a beautification model based on rebellion and misapplied freedom. A freedom that doesn’t take into consideration the science of a woman’s predominant nature as Creation, which must be preserved and aligned appropriately in a high level of refinement. From the ample existing proof that the grafted man and woman are in direct opposition to the reality of Creation and its ideas of refinement, then the history itself is right. The white woman is supposed to rebel in the way that she has, for she seeks recognition for a freedom that will allow her to carry out devilishment in the constructed Babylonian illusion. She is fighting for her piece of the pie in the carrying out of oppression and inequality. What is of most concern is the adaptation of this ideology by most 85% Original women, whom are either involved in Black, Asian, Latino feminist movements who share this same idea, or are just plain living a savage freedom.

Economics, technology, white woman’s ideology, and loss of knowledge, have all contributed to the adaptation of an inaccurate clothing practice for the original woman. One should be developed where it is based on her scientific nature, cultural/historical context, and awareness of her natural role in the sacred partnership of man and woman. Thus, before the original woman can even attain adequate clothing practice, one that embraces her individual and whole identity, the factors mentioned above must be explored.

In a set of lessons from the Nation of God and Earth, the build (8th)degree in the 1-40, states that the planet Earth is covered with water ¾ths of its surface. This statement, not being the “meat” of the understanding in that degree became the most important to the culture of the woman with a Knowledge of Self. This planetary fact was taken and applied to the dress codes of the Earths, as women who are living with Knowledge of Self are called. Being that the majority and first waves of women attaining the knowledge were of so-called African-American (Black) background, a dressing style was adapted that traced back to the cultural dressing styles of Africa. This style generally consists of a hair wrap, a long skirt or a long dress, with tops that do not show cleavage. This African based style has been correctly adapted, as the history of the so-called African-American is one rooted in Slavery and the ancient civilizations in Africa. Within the nation, it simply became the norm that Earths would dress covering ¾ths of their bodies. This metaphor became the lived reality of the woman, as she embodied natural aspects (birthing and nurturing life) like the planet does to all within it.

In many Nation of God and Earth sub ciphers, a prerequisite in getting Knowledge of Self is to drastically change the dressing style in the traditional African garb of  ¾ths. I once met a sister who was fully geared up in 3/4ths. While she visibly looked refined, this woman was still dealing with high levels of unrighteousness. She spoke of 3/4ths in a regurgitating manner, not truly showing her understanding on why she was dressed the way she was. This sister was appropriately guided by the other Earths to dress and do as expected from a woman receiving the knowledge of self. What was not provided for this sister, however, was an adequate learning path where she could individually explore all issues related to dressing as an Earth. This sister was not given tools to question the current state of original women and its relation to their choices in clothing. The processing of becoming Earth is one that lacks in providing an adequate way of learning: one where following a culture, rather than questioning it first, proving its right and exactness, and adapting it as her expression as Earth, is followed blindly and its corresponding understanding parroted.

As I made these observations on the way in which original women were being taught a ¾ths dressing style, I thought of the details within the culture (4th) degree in the Supreme Mathematics of the Nation of God and Earth, as a component of the ¾ths reality, and a quote I had once read in the book by Daniel Roque entitled, The Culture of Clothing, where he argues that the clothing culture of the 1600s and further eras was based more on style rather than functionality and usefulness, came to mind. There he states that “the history of clothing tells us much about civilizations, it reveals their codes.” This means that with Knowledge of Self comes the most right and exact codes proven through its questioning and testing, as well as its application to the individual adapting this component of the culture. In this case, what I found to be missing (based on my own observations on nation pedagogical methods, my understanding on the lessons as it relates to the original woman) from the reality of the collective dressing of ¾ths was precisely the individual component of its application. Is ¾ths the same for every woman? How does the scientific understanding, her cultural background, body type, ideas of dressing, and personality inform her Earth attire? Is there one attire that is more ¾ths than another? How can these factors (from second question) combine to make clothing attire that is in tune to the present reality of righteousness?

The first step I took, as I continued on my path towards understanding myself beyond my sociological identity (Latina/Dominican), seeing that the original woman was to cover 3/4ths of her body, leaving 1/4th of it in exposure, led me to a contextualization in my mind that went as follows:

Universal Reality – Macrocosm – Earth – 3/4th Covered in Water

Human Reality – Microcosm – Woman – 3/4th Body Water (Circulation &Reproductive system)

Supreme Culture – 4: Culture-Freedom – ¾ Clothing

I also took into consideration and contextualized various degrees within the Student Enrollment 1-10 and the Lost-Found Lessons #2 1-40 set of lessons of the Nation of God and Earth. The equality (6th) degree states that 29,000,000 square miles is the total land that’s useful and used by the total population of the planet Earth out of a total of 196,940,000 total square miles of the entire planet earth, but that 23,000,000 square miles is used by the Original Man. The power (5th) degree in the 1-40 states that 57,255,000 is the total square miles of land. This means that 40%, attained by multiplying the 23 million times 100 and then dividing that value into the total miles of land, gives the percentage of useful land coverage. When the same type of calculation is done to receive the water coverage of the planet Earth, by taking the total area of the planet earth (196,940,000) and dividing it by the total of 139,685,000 times 100, a total of 71% of water coverage is attained. This means that
¾= 139,685,000x100/196,940,000=71%-Modern day 75%(3).

If the original woman was to cover ¾ths of her body, which in its planetary reality is more than the useful land coverage; I refused to accept that there was nothing useful about the water coverage. Some of this water mass had to be useful. What made most of us think that useful was only land? Why couldn’t useful land also be what’s inside the Water? What led me to these questions was finding the percentage of the useful land by including the entire square miles of the whole planet (23,000,000/196,940,000). The answer is 11%. These digits are just a speck in comparison to the massiveness of the planet. While the degrees are very clear in pointing out that useful land constitutes only the dry land, there is an indirect inclusion of other fertile land.  Useful land is also the Earth's wet fertile land that’s represented by the woman’s vagina and breasts,the vagina constantly secreting a self-cleansing juice from within her uterus and the breasts, which produces and stores the milk for the newborn baby.These areas are ¾s covered and must be protected.  The understanding is when we apply the microcosmic reality of the woman’s universal nature into her supreme culture and freedom, she is protecting two important physical traits related to nurturing and developing the new and future generations of man=mind. This means that as long as you cover your breasts and thighs thoroughly you are good or else you'll be causing unnecessary volcanic eruptions (attraction) drawn up by the Sun of Man, especially if you already got a man.

The second step lies in studying the history of clothing as a way of including this component into the scientific framework of what 3/4ths is to original women with knowledge of self. The historical part is very important; it clues us into the styles and its moral influences of our predecessors. It should be included within our showing and proving our ¾ths dressing reality. In the nation, the woman is automatically accepted if she is dressed in ¾ths, gives the traditional planetary metaphor as her reasoning to her dressing, and bears children. No real scientific analysis with a supreme mathematics application has been truly internalized by the Earth. She is merely a parrot of her God’s and/or other Earth’s knowledge on the topic. This impedes an appropriate development of her ¾ths understanding rooted in research.

In researching one should go as far as one can in learning about the topic. For me, it started with the traditional and folkloric styles, as well as other Latin American styles, of Dominican women. Whatever I could find on the Tainos, colonial Dominican Republic and Moorish Spain that might possibly lead me into Ancient Africa and Asia would provide a thorough understanding on the clothing styles as well as the moral and ethical codes of these societies. In turn, I would be learning more about my origins of ¾ths.

Because there is vast research unavailable,one should also study European dressing, take the best part because it will eventually lead into Africa and Asia. Of example is Ziryab, who is extensively discussed in Golden Age of the Moor edited by Ivan Van Sertima. In Moorish Spain,
 “Ziryab is said to have had a lasting influence on fashion, bringing styles from the Middle East to Al-Andaluz, including sophisticated styles of clothing based on seasonal and daily timings. In winter, for example, costumes were made essentially from warm cotton or wool items usually in dark colours and summer garments were made of cool and light costumes involving materials such as cotton, silk and flax in light and bright colours”(4). 
In addition, Ziryab added different dressing styles depending on the time of day,  
“he also added dresses of half season for intervals between seasons. Through him, the luxurious dress of the Orient was introduced in Spain. Under his influence a fashion industry was set up, producing coloured striped fabric and coats of transparent fabric, which is still found in Morocco today”(5). 
Here we are presented with advances made in dressing by an original man in Islamic-Christian Spain. Ziryab, specifically taught the Christian Europeans (whom after 500 years grafted back into the original) the meaning of garments based on the corresponding time of year due to the planet’s changing seasons (weather patterns). This means one of the principles behind the dressing of the people, as taught by the Moors, was based on scientific facts regarding weather patterns and usability of materials used to make clothing. Therefore, the woman’s dressing was dictated by the seasons. 3/4ths was a fluid adaptation based on weather. It is simple logic that a woman will not dress in a winter ¾th attire during the summer or vice-versa. This was Ziryab’s major teaching to the Christian European world. As seen through the quotations above, the original Cultural contexts of dressing were African, Arabic, and Asian, exemplified through long skirts, short sleeve shirts, and other varieties. Most designs came from these areas as the Moors were from these places.

Lacking from a real cultural context the Europeans have always sought the help of original people in building their own civilization, whether voluntarily or involuntarily. It all started with Musa (Moses) who in 2000 B.C. went to civilize the people within the Caucus Mountains because these people did contain the necessary intelligence to build a thriving civilization(6). The extreme weak condition these people were in (could not synthesize the rays of the sun into their own bodies, did not know how to grow food, thus eating raw animals) led them to a wicked state, one that was guided by devilishment (greed, violence). This means that during and after the 8th century, when it came to creating fashionable attire, the white woman looked towards the original woman as the example. Thus, European fashion was made to mimic the Black woman’s body. Different part of the dresses women wore was meant to add curves, voluptuous breasts, and accentuated hips. What was naturally the original Black woman’s body had to be artificially constructed for the white woman. Three very important objects used in European dresses helped white women attain this physical image: the corset, panniers, and crinoline.


The corset's most common function and usage were to slim the body and make it conform to a fashionable silhouette. For women this most frequently emphasized a curvy figure, by reducing the waist, and thereby exaggerating the bust and hips.


Panniers were “three or more hoops of cane, metal, or (later) whalebone…suspended from tapes attached to the waist, giving a dome-shaped structure to the skirt”(7)Eventually, these types of hoops became very difficult to walk with and other forms of hoops were adapted, where two bag-like structures were tied to the sides of the thighs. These were referred to as “false hips." You can see these kinds of clothing material in Disney's Cinderella. The step sisters, the women at the ball, and even Cinderella's shining silver dress have these "false hips."


The crinoline was a steel object made to support and add volume to the skirts and dresses of mainly the upper middle classes of Europe. This volume aimed at emphasizing the overall voluptuousness of the woman. In the royal courts it was common to see the women sporting their oversize dresses, making it hard for them to walk, but in their eyes, the bigger the dress, the more physically appealing was the woman as she would appear to be one whose body was filled with curves.

In the wider view of things if Egyptian society was the blueprint for Western civilization with Moorish society bringing it to its fullest development, it makes sense that even in clothing the original woman was looked at for proper orientation. The desire of wanting to be and look like the original woman was so strong that European women endured pain, health problems and infertility resulting from wearing such absurd objects. Eventually, due to certain sects of European society, these dressing styles were critiqued and protested. The Victorian Dress reform is such example, where “various reformers proposed, designed, and wore clothing supposedly more rational and comfortable than the fashions of the time"(8).  Even when making reformations in the dressing styles, the white woman looked towards the original woman for guidance. In the 1850s, an English woman by the name of Elizabeth Smith Miller adopted a style of loose pants gathered at the ankles typically worn by Middle Eastern and Central Asian women. They became known as Bloomers because it was featured in the happening magazine of the time named the Lily, headed by Amelia Bloomer.

White women and white gay men would continue to look towards original styles of clothing for inspiration in their grafted versions. However, a new look that was more centered towards the white woman’s real body frame, one characterized as bony, linear, and frail, would develop. The culture of clothing turned towards less clothing as well. Modern society would be ruled by the Twiggy look, a supermodel with thin figure. The change in shape standards (from voluptuous to skinny-thin) simultaneously changed the clothing standard. Less curves, simply meant less clothing. These then become the standard of beauty throughout all societies, resulting from internationalizing products of world powers. Capitalism, imperialism, neocolonialism, and globalization played a huge part in feeding unalike clothing styles to original women in the United States and around the world. Inevitably, original women adapted a clothing framework unlike them. This causes major damage and confusion to the original woman, currently suffering from major self-esteem problems, and an internalized hatred amongst each of the various shades of Black.

When researching my immediate history of clothing through the Latin American-Dominican lineage, I found traditional garments are worn for vudu ceremonies, traditional dances, and carnaval. As the majority of the population is poor, national folkloric clothing comprises campesino identity, of those who live and work the land, descendants of the Black Moors, White Christians, Taino natives, and Africans once enslaved. Clothing includes long skirts with short sleeve shirts that drop down the shoulders or are shoulder length. Some of the shirts are tube tops while others reach the neck and different parts of the arms, ranging from tight to loose. The skirts are wide so women are able to hold the sides with ease during a performance. Both the skirt and shirts contain floral ornaments and vary in colors of green, red, white, and blue, but are not confined to these colors only. The long skirts also serve to keep the lower body from overheating and obtaining too much sun. The breeze naturally seeps in through the bottom and fabric of the skirt. Skirts also come in variations. Some are made knee length. Head wraps are also very popular, as well as floral hats made from palm trees. Flowers (hibiscus) adorn the hair in buns or more elaborate hairstyles. I saw so many commonalities between the Caribbean forms to the Central and South American traditional dressing to even the East Asian styles. Truly it is meant to show that the a-alike mind is even present within the dressing styles of the Original woman wherever she is. These styles are definitely ¾ in that they cover the most valuable assets in women (her upper and lower reproductive areas). Dominican vudu (the Cuban and Puerto Rican version of Santeria), plays a big role in the ethical guidelines of the people. The traditional clothing worn is in direct alignment with the many rituals and ways of life that this belief system is based on.

The last step as women with knowledge of self, learning about 3/4ths is to realize the current cultural reality we are in. Most of my generation was born during the beginning of Hip Hop (1970s) and were teenagers by the Golden Era of this genre (1990s). I also grew up in a big city (New York) in a one bedroom apartment for six people, where my family is still enduring some of the hardest adversity yet. This means I come from an urbanized environment, where the clothing styles that were most popular were those designer based fed to us via the media channels that were made specifically for youth: BET, MTV, and VH1. I am from an urbanized consumer-driven clothing reality. Athletes also played an important role in the designation of popular sneakers, most notably Michael Jordan. I never owned a pair, and was picked on for being a hick, someone right off the boat. Other choices of footwear were Adidas, Reeboks, and Timberlands. In the early 90s, many girls wore baggy jeans, with oversized shirts with a tank top underneath, big hoop earrings, red or dark brown lipsticks, with buns in our hairs. Gel was an important hair product to own. Clothing brands were Polo, Guess, Gap, Old Navy, and Levi’s, among others. By the early 2000s, loose hair became more popular and more feminine styles of dressing started to appeal to us high school girls. I would blow out my hair; wear tighter shirts and jeans with high black boots or Nikes. These styles are still relevant for today’s youth, especially for girls, as man’s style has feminized. Actual Hip Hop clothing lines were made for girls like Baby Phat, Tommy Hilfiger (Tommy Girl), and others of the time. Clothing was big in high school. If you didn’t rock the brands, you were cast out and ridiculed. As I grew older, clothing lost its importance, as long as I looked decent, I was good. One thing was for sure though; I had lost touch with my femininity. I hardly wore skirts or dresses as a result of my low self-esteem.

By the time I got knowledge of self, it’s when I really started to see the importance in my womanhood via dressing. After exploring the scientific reality of dressing and looking at my immediate history of this topic, I thought about my body type and the current fashion trends of the Earths. I had been told by some middle school friends and family that I had an “hourglass” figure. Supposedly, there are 4 major body types: Banana, Apple, Pear, and hourglass. Banana resembles a thin frame with curves that are not over accentuated, apple is a woman whose upper body is curvy while lacking hips, pear shows a thin top with a curvy lower body, and hourglass is an overall curviness throughout the body. I feel like each body type are intertwined, and some women can have aspects of two or more of the body types. It is important to note that the banana figure is not the white woman. The white woman’s original body type (the time when they were in the caucus mountains) is a different form of skinny, one that is weak. A banana frame on an original woman is much different as it is rooted in strength. This entails more heavy research on anatomy and physiology I have yet to delve into.


When putting together all the factors, the science, the social history, the body type, Earths’ current fashion trends, and individual tastes, then I knew I could truly come up with a style that reflected my own Earth individually with a collective ¾ths comradiere. Keeping in my mind that I should protect my upper and lower useful land, the curviness of my figure, I combined these with my research and tastes in Native American, African/Caribbean/Muslim, Asian (East and South) garments, with of course my urban gear. This means that depending on the occasion I will mix and match different clothing styles for some occasions I may be ¾ths with pants, long skirt/dress, or knee length skirt/dress. Shirts vary from turtle necks, tunics, short, long sleeves, and tube tops that cover the chest properly. In this way, you are able to maintain a unique ¾ths expression, while still adhering to a commonality of righteousness with the Earths within the nation. Thus, there is an individual Earth style, for only each earth can represent who they are and how they manifest righteousness through what they wear, taking into consideration all that has been discussed above.

"Showing off your ass 'cause you're thinking it's a trend
Girlfriend, let me break it down for you again
You know I only say it 'cause I'm truly genuine
Don't be a hard rock when you really are a gem"
-Lauryn Hill, "Doo Wop (That Thing)

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1-Cultural context as described in this piece refers to the lineage of the original civilization an individual or group of people belong to that developed in a certain area of the world. It includes the moral and ethical codes that govern that group of people. Clear mention of adapted European ideas and ways will be clarified to provide a clearer analysis on the issue of self-expression, both as a collective and individual identity.
2-Referenced is being made to the Nation of God and Earth 4th set of lessons called the 1-40.
3-Although these calculations might be a little bit off, one must take into consideration that the Earth and other universal bodies, are in constant fluctuation. The Earth’s land mass was once all connected until a separation occurred and we now have the different continents. The same with the rotation of the Earth around the Sun. This means since the writing of the lessons, the land measurements varied slightly due to natural change. Our current percentages are 75% water and 25% land coverage.
4-“Ziryab.” Available at: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:oo4DzNjdlrUJ:www.classicalarabicmusic.com/ziryab.htm+Ziryab,+clothing&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a. 16 September 2008.
5-ibid.
6- 2nd degree in the 1-14 of the Nation of God and Earth.
7-"Panniers[British] (1973.65.2)." Available at: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1973.65.2 (October 2006).
8-"Victorian Dress Reform." Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_dress_reform. 18 August 2010.